Abstract Secondary production is the formation of heterotrophic biomass across time, which integrates several important ecological processes that affect the life of organisms, populations, communities and ecosystems, but its study has poor developed in South America. The objectives of this work were to describe the diversity of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in terms of abundance and biomass, and to quantify their secondary production for the first time in Andean rivers. A quantitative sampling scheme was implemented, using a Surber sampler, in three forested streams. Physical-chemical variables, nutrients, organic matter and chlorophyll were measured also. The macroinvertebrates were separated and identified mostly at the species level. Each taxon was assigned to a functional feeding group. Secondary production was estimated for 38 taxa, mostly Diptera, Trichoptera, Coleoptera, and Ephemeroptera. The annual production varied from 3769 to 13916 mg dry mass m-2 y-1. Most abundant taxa were also those with higher production, dominated by Ephemeroptera (Baetidae), Trichoptera (Hydropsychidae) and Diptera (Chironomidae and Simuliidae). Density, biomass, and production of collectors and predators were much higher than the other feeding groups. We expect that our results will be useful to evaluate the effects on stream functioning produced by global warming and other anthropogenic disturbances in our region.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) is a frequent congenital heart disease, the diagnosis of which is difficult in paucisymptomatic patients. Without treatment, it can lead to heart failure, arrhythmias and pulmonary hypertension. The electrocardiogram may provide evidence of this condition. Objective: To describe the clinical and electrocardiographic findings of patients with ASD. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients under age 18 who underwent cardiac evaluation from January 2008 to December 2013. The electrocardiographic and clinical finding variables suggestive of ASD are described. Results: There were 77 patients with ASD. The most frequent reasons for consultation among patients with ASD were heart murmur, Down syndrome and dyspnea. Findings on physical examination of patients with ASD were: systolic murmur in 69% and S2 split in 56%. On the electrocardiogram, the patients had QRS of 79 ms, electric axis deviated to the right, Incomplete Right Bundle Branch and notch pattern. The most frequent right ventricular volume overload (RVVO) criteria were the deep S wave in V6 and the high R wave in V1. Auscultation of a split S2 on the physical examination, as well as the RVVO and the notch pattern were the most frequent findings in patients with ASD. Conclusion: the electrocardiogram is a valid tool in the evaluation of patients with suspected ASD but requires the combination of clinical findings to reach the diagnosis.

RESUMEN Introducción: La comunicación interauricular (CIA) es una cardiopatía congénita frecuente, cuyo diagnóstico es difícil en pacientes paucisintomáticos. Sin tratamiento, puede complicarse con insuficiencia cardiaca, arritmias e hipertensión pulmonar. El electrocardiograma puede proporcionar indicios de esta cardiopatía. Objetivo: Describir los hallazgos clínicos y electrocardiográficos de pacientes portadores de CIA. Materiales y Métodos: Trabajo retrospectivo, de pacientes menores de 18 años, evaluados cardiológicamente de enero 2008 a diciembre de 2013. Se describen las variables electrocardiográficas y semiológicas sugestivas de CIA. Resultados: Hubo 77 pacientes con CIA. Los motivos de consulta más frecuentes entre los pacientes con CIA fueron el soplo cardiaco, el síndrome de Down y la disnea. En el examen físico de los pacientes con CIA: soplo sistólico en 69% y R2 desdoblado en 56%. En el electrocardiograma, los pacientes tuvieron QRS de 79 ms, eje eléctrico desviado hacia la derecha, BIRD y notch. Los criterios de sobrecarga ventricular derecha (SVD) más frecuentes fueron la onda S profunda en V6 y la onda R alta en V1. La auscultación de un R2 desdoblado en el examen físico, así como la SVD y el patrón notch fueron los hallazgos más frecuentes en pacientes con CIA. Conclusión: el electrocardiograma constituye una herramienta válida en la evaluación de pacientes con sospecha de CIA pero precisa de la combinación de hallazgos clínicos para llegar al diagnóstico.

ABSTRACT Introduction: ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a frequent congenital heart disease, which varies from a minute defect without hemodynamic consequences to a large defect, accompanied by heart failure and pulmonary hypertension. Although medical treatment manages to control heart failure, it is undoubted that in some cases surgical closure is necessary. Objective: to describe the clinical characteristics of the pre- and post-operative of patients undergoing IVC closure. Methodology: observational, descriptive, retrospective study, which included 74 patients from 3 months to 16 years of age, undergoing surgical closure of VSD in the Pediatric Cardiology Department of Hospital de Clínicas FCM-UNA in the 2012-2017 period. Clinical, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic variables are described in the pre- and postoperative period. Cases of intra-operative death, cases with complex congenital heart defects associated with VSD and atrioventricular canal were excluded. Results: the most frequently intervened VSD was the perimembranous type (95%) and the majority with preoperative grade I functional class (52%). Post-operative parameters (electrocardiogram and echocardiography) normalized in most patients, with a decrease in evidence of cardiac chamber overload. Infectious (67%) and pulmonary (pneumothorax and atelectasis) complications occurred. The mortality was 1.3%. Conclusion: Surgical closure of the VSD had significant morbidity, low mortality and excellent functional recovery.

RESUMEN Introducción: la comunicación interventricular (CIV) es una cardiopatía congénita frecuente, que varía desde un defecto diminuto sin consecuencias hemodinámicas o un defecto grande, acompañado de insuficiencia cardiaca e hipertensión pulmonar. Aunque el tratamiento médico consigue controlar la insuficiencia cardiaca, es indudable que en algunos casos es necesario el cierre quirúrgico. Objetivo: describir las características clínicas del pre y post operatorio de los pacientes sometidos a cierre de CIV. Metodología: estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo, que incluyo a 74 pacientes de 3 meses a 16 años de edad, sometidos a cierre quirúrgico de CIV en el Departamento de Cardiología Pediátrica del Hospital de Clínicas FCM-UNA en el periodo 2012-2017. Se describen variables clínicas, electrocardiográficas y ecocardiográficas en el pre y post operatorio. Se excluyeron los casos de óbito intra-operatorio, casos con defectos cardiacos congénitos complejos asociados a CIV y con canal auriculoventricular. Resultados: la CIV más frecuentemente intervenida fue la de tipo perimembranosa (95%) y la mayoría con clase funcional pre operatoria grado I (52%). Los parámetros post operatorios (electrocardiograma y ecocardiografía) normalizaron en la mayoría de los pacientes, con disminución de la evidencia de sobrecarga de las cámaras cardiacas. Se presentaron complicaciones infecciosas (67%) y pulmonares (neumotórax y atelectasias). La mortalidad fue 1,3%. Conclusión: el cierre quirúrgico de la CIV tuvo significativa morbilidad, baja mortalidad y excelente recuperación funcional.

This paper presents a list of the aquatic insects collected from Urugua-í Provincial Park. This study aims to improve the knowledge of this protected area located in Misiones Province. One hundred and thirty-six species of aquatic insects in 75 genera, 26 families and seven orders were recorded. New records for the province and for Argentina are listed, and the records of new species are mentioned.

Se presenta una lista de insectos acuáticos colectados en el Parque Provincial Urugua-í, en la provincia de Misiones. Se colectaron 136 especies de insectos acuáticos, distribuidas en 75 géneros de 26 familias, correspondientes a siete órdenes. Se mencionan nuevas citas de la provincia y de Argentina, así como la presencia de especies nuevas para la ciencia.

The structure of the benthic community of six rivers belonging to three subtropical basins from northwestern Argentina is analyzed. All the sampling stations were located in the mountain rain forest (Yungas) ecoregion. Seventy-eight taxa were recorded, although with a great difference in the total individual density among the considered rivers. Based on their taxonomic similarity (50%), three stations grouped together: Medina, Yala and Candelaria rivers (with more than 35 taxa), while the remaining rivers (Pueblo Viejo, Piedras and Conchas) formed a second group (with 27 taxa or fewer). According to rarefaction analysis of subsamples of 250 individuals, species richness clearly separates Yala and Conchas rivers from the others. According to the Correspondence Analysis, stations were ordered following the gradients of magnitude and altitude of the rivers. The groups formed by taxonomic similarity, rarefaction and Correspondence Analysis were due more to local peculiarities rather than to basin characteristics.

Se analiza la estructura de la comunidad bentónica de seis ríos pertenecientes a tres cuencas subtropicales del noroeste argentino. Todas las estaciones de muestreo se ubicaron en la ecorregión de las Yungas. Se registraron 78 taxones con una gran diferencia en la densidad total de individuos entre los ríos considerados. Por la similitud taxonómica (50%) se agrupan tres estaciones: ríos Medina, Yala, y Candelaria (con más de 35 taxones), mientras que el resto (ríos Pueblo Viejo, Piedras y Conchas) no superan los 27 taxones. La riqueza, según el análisis de rarefacción para una submuestra de 250 individuos, separa netamente los ríos Yala y Conchas del resto. Según el Análisis de Correspondencia las estaciones se ordenan según los gradientes de magnitud del río y la altura. Los grupos formados por similitud taxonómica, rarefacción y análisis de correspondencia serían producidos más por particularidades locales que por una impronta de cuencas.